Deg tlemmast n Melyana, axxam aqbur i icudden ɣer Emir Abdelkader yuɣal d asalay i yimezruy n temdint d tmurt. Lebni-a s uɣanib amurisk yesdukkel aṭas n texxamin n uskan akked wurti.
Axxam d wamek yettwaseqdec
Tanmehla n umerreḥ tettales-d ayen i d-qqaren deg temnaḍt: ahat axxam-a yella d axxam n lbey n Melyana send ad yuɣal d adeg n uxalifat n Emir. Mi ṭṭfen tamdint deg 1840, yettwaseqdec i lɛesker. Mi t-seggmen, bdan deg ubeddel-is ɣer usalay seg 1997; iɣmisen ulsent-d daɣen ɣef ulday n usalay aɣelnaw deg 2026.
Amennuɣ, idrimen d umezruy n temdint
Abrid n tirza i d-yettwasegzan yesɛa tixxamin i yimrigen, i tussna n tedrimt taqburt, i umennuɣ n ugdud d ṭṭrad n tlelli. Timukḥalin, timukḥalin n ufus, leṣyuf, tiwlafin d yisemliyen ttaǧǧan amerzu ad yissin udmawen yemgaraden n umennuɣ, yerna ad yerr Melyana deg umezruy wessiɛen.
Iɣmisen bedrent-d daɣen tiɣawsiwin i d-yettwales uxeddim s talɣa tameẓyant, unuɣen i yettwaɣeẓẓen n zik d yisemliyen ɣef tsegda n temdint, akked lǧerrat n zik. Igrawen-a fkan-d abrid-nniḍen i tirza: ad negzu ibeddilen n Melyana, mačči kan ad neḍfer tudert n yiwen wergaz.
Heyyit tirza-nwen ɣer usalay
Ṭṭfet akud i tɣuri n yisallen yellan ddaw n tɣawsiwin, iwakken ad tferzem gar tɣawsiwin n tidet, tneɣlin-nsent d yisemliyen n usegzi. Ma d agraw, neɣ d tirza i yerzan Emir kan, ssutret ad awen-d-segzin anwa adeg i tzemrem ad terzum d wamek ara tili tallelt n win ara ken-id-yawin. Ulac uṭṭun n tilifun n tenmehla n umerreḥ i d-yettunefken am win n usalay.
Anda yella umkan d telɣut ara ken-iɛiwnen
- Tamdint neɣ tamnaḍt
- Melyana
- Adig yettwaḥerzen deg yisemliyen
- Axxam aqbur n Lmir Ɛebdelqader, tlemmast n temdint n Melyana
Tansa tusdidt n usnubeg mazal tettṛaǧu asentem.
Ulac uṭṭun n tiliɣri usrid yettwasentmen deg teɣbula i nettwali.
Heggit tirza-nwen
Iseɣwan d yiɣbula ttɛawanen i uheyyi n unadi-nwen, maca ur llin ara d ameẓlu n usnubeg neɣ n uḥeṛṛez n tirza i yettwasentmen. Sentmet deg temnaḍt adeg n unekcum d tewtilin n tirza uqbel ad truḥem.
Tiɣbula d uleqqem
ⵜⴰⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵜ — ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ
ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵎⴻⵍⵢⴰⵏⴰ — ⴰⵅⵅⴰⵎ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴻⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⴱⴷⴻⵍⴽⴰⴷⴻⵔ
ⴷⴻⴳ ⵜⵍⴻⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴻⵍⵢⴰⵏⴰ, ⴰⵅⵅⴰⵎ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵉ ⵉⵛⵓⴷⴷⴻⵏ ⵖⴻⵔ ⴻⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⴱⴷⴻⵍⴽⴰⴷⴻⵔ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵎⴻⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ. ⵍⴻⴱⵏⵉ-ⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵖⴰⵏⵉⴱ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉⵙⴽ ⵢⴻⵙⴷⵓⴽⴽⴻⵍ ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵅⵅⴰⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⴻⴷ ⵡⵓⵔⵜⵉ.
ⴰⵅⵅⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⴻⴽ ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⴻⵇⴷⴻⵛ
ⵜⴰⵏⵎⴻⵀⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴻⵔⵔⴻⵃ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵍⴻⵙ-ⴷ ⴰⵢⴻⵏ ⵉ ⴷ-ⵇⵇⴰⵔⴻⵏ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵜⴻⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ: ⴰⵀⴰⵜ ⴰⵅⵅⴰⵎ-ⴰ ⵢⴻⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵅⵅⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵍⴱⴻⵢ ⵏ ⵎⴻⵍⵢⴰⵏⴰ ⵙⴻⵏⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴰⴷⴻⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵅⴰⵍⵉⴼⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴻⵎⵉⵔ. ⵎⵉ ⵟⵟⴼⴻⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴷⴻⴳ 1840, ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⴻⵇⴷⴻⵛ ⵉ ⵍⵄⴻⵙⴽⴻⵔ. ⵎⵉ ⵜ-ⵙⴻⴳⴳⵎⴻⵏ, ⴱⴷⴰⵏ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵓⴱⴻⴷⴷⴻⵍ-ⵉⵙ ⵖⴻⵔ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵙⴻⴳ 1997; ⵉⵖⵎⵉⵙⴻⵏ ⵓⵍⵙⴻⵏⵜ-ⴷ ⴷⴰⵖⴻⵏ ⵖⴻⴼ ⵓⵍⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⵖⴻⵍⵏⴰⵡ ⴷⴻⴳ 2026.
ⴰⵎⴻⵏⵏⵓⵖ, ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⴻⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴻⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ
ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵣⴰ ⵉ ⴷ-ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⴻⴳⵣⴰⵏ ⵢⴻⵙⵄⴰ ⵜⵉⵅⵅⴰⵎⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵎⵔⵉⴳⴻⵏ, ⵉ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴻⴷⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ, ⵉ ⵓⵎⴻⵏⵏⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⴷ ⵟⵟⵔⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ. ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴽⵃⴰⵍⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴽⵃⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ, ⵍⴻⵚⵢⵓⴼ, ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵙⴻⵎⵍⵉⵢⴻⵏ ⵜⵜⴰⴵⴵⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴻⵔⵣⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴻⵏ ⵢⴻⵎⴳⴰⵔⴰⴷⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴻⵏⵏⵓⵖ, ⵢⴻⵔⵏⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴻⵔⵔ ⵎⴻⵍⵢⴰⵏⴰ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵓⵎⴻⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵡⴻⵙⵙⵉⵄⴻⵏ.
ⵉⵖⵎⵉⵙⴻⵏ ⴱⴻⴷⵔⴻⵏⵜ-ⴷ ⴷⴰⵖⴻⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉ ⴷ-ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵍⴻⵙ ⵓⵅⴻⴷⴷⵉⵎ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴻⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ, ⵓⵏⵓⵖⴻⵏ ⵉ ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵖⴻⵥⵥⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵙⴻⵎⵍⵉⵢⴻⵏ ⵖⴻⴼ ⵜⵙⴻⴳⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ, ⴰⴽⴽⴻⴷ ⵍⴵⴻⵔⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵣⵉⴽ. ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⴻⵏ-ⴰ ⴼⴽⴰⵏ-ⴷ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ-ⵏⵏⵉⴹⴻⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⵣⴰ: ⴰⴷ ⵏⴻⴳⵣⵓ ⵉⴱⴻⴷⴷⵉⵍⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴻⵍⵢⴰⵏⴰ, ⵎⴰⵞⵞⵉ ⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵏⴻⴹⴼⴻⵔ ⵜⵓⴷⴻⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⴻⵏ ⵡⴻⵔⴳⴰⵣ.
ⵀⴻⵢⵢⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵣⴰ-ⵏⵡⴻⵏ ⵖⴻⵔ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢ
ⵟⵟⴼⴻⵜ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⴰⵍⵍⴻⵏ ⵢⴻⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵉⵡⴰⴽⴽⴻⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⴻⵔⵣⴻⵎ ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⴻⵜ, ⵜⵏⴻⵖⵍⵉⵏ-ⵏⵙⴻⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵙⴻⵎⵍⵉⵢⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴻⴳⵣⵉ. ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡ, ⵏⴻⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵣⴰ ⵉ ⵢⴻⵔⵣⴰⵏ ⴻⵎⵉⵔ ⴽⴰⵏ, ⵙⵙⵓⵜⵔⴻⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵡⴻⵏ-ⴷ-ⵙⴻⴳⵣⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⴷⴻⴳ ⵉ ⵜⵣⴻⵎⵔⴻⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵔⵣⵓⵎ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⴻⴽ ⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴻⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵔⴰ ⴽⴻⵏ-ⵉⴷ-ⵢⴰⵡⵉⵏ. ⵓⵍⴰⵛ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵏⵎⴻⵀⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴻⵔⵔⴻⵃ ⵉ ⴷ-ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵓⵏⴻⴼⴽⴻⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢ.
ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵢⴻⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵎⴽⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴻⵍⵖⵓⵜ ⴰⵔⴰ ⴽⴻⵏ-ⵉⵄⵉⵡⵏⴻⵏ
- ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏⴻⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ
- ⵎⴻⵍⵢⴰⵏⴰ
- ⴰⴷⵉⴳ ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵃⴻⵔⵣⴻⵏ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵢⵉⵙⴻⵎⵍⵉⵢⴻⵏ
- ⴰⵅⵅⴰⵎ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵉⵔ ⵄⴻⴱⴷⴻⵍⵇⴰⴷⴻⵔ, ⵜⵍⴻⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴻⵍⵢⴰⵏⴰ
ⵜⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵜⵓⵙⴷⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴻⴳ ⵎⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵕⴰⴵⵓ ⴰⵙⴻⵏⵜⴻⵎ.
ⵓⵍⴰⵛ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵓⵙⵔⵉⴷ ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⴻⵏⵜⵎⴻⵏ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵜⴻⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⵉ ⵏⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵍⵉ.
ⵀⴻⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵣⴰ-ⵏⵡⴻⵏ
ⵉⵙⴻⵖⵡⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵜⵄⴰⵡⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵀⴻⵢⵢⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⴷⵉ-ⵏⵡⴻⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴻⵥⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴻⴳ ⵏⴻⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵃⴻⵕⵕⴻⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵣⴰ ⵉ ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⴻⵏⵜⵎⴻⵏ. ⵙⴻⵏⵜⵎⴻⵜ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵜⴻⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⴷⴻⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴻⴽⵛⵓⵎ ⴷ ⵜⴻⵡⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵣⴰ ⵓⵇⴱⴻⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵔⵓⵃⴻⵎ.